IgM antibodies were detected in 12 out of 51 (23.5%; 95% CI, 0.1387 to 0.3690) patients with early stages of Lyme borreliosis compared to 2 out of 49 (4.1%; 95% CI, 0.0035 to 0.1449) patients with late stages Lyme disease (p ​= ​0.0078; Fig. 2). Here, CD40LG is linked to Lyme disease.