TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: In our murine NASH model, we found a significant enrichment of genes related to the promotion of chitinase-like proteins (Spi1, Tnf, Ifngr1, Il1b) as well as CHI3L1 downstream signaling pathways including induction of Th2 inflammation, tissue remodeling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and alternative activation of macrophages (Fig. 1D).