The expression of many of the genes that encode nucleic acid sensors and components of their signaling to type I interferon production (Fig. 4A) were significantly altered in SLE neutrophils compared to healthy controls: transcripts for the DNA sensors CGAS and ZBP1 and the two RNA sensors RIG-1 (DDX58) and MDA5 (IFIH1) were significantly increased, as were the transcripts for TBK1 (Fig. 4A), while DDX41 was downregulated (Fig. 4A). Here, DDX41 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.