Isoforms of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family have been shown to phosphorylate key regulatory molecules involved in the cell cycle, transcription and translation, the structure of the cytoskeleton, cell–cell adhesion and receptor-coupled signal transduction; moreover, they regulate key signaling pathways known to be critically involved in tumor progression53. This evidence concerns the gene CSNK1A1 and neoplasm.