HCAR1 and breast carcinoma: Etomuslim and peroxicillin, the fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitors, can prevent HCA3 knockdown-induced cell death in breast cancer cells.136 Similarly, the presence of HCA2 and HCA3 mRNA transcripts has also been demonstrated in LoVo colorectal adenocarcinoma cells,139 and HCA1 has been confirmed in several cancer cell types including colon cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer.147