Other regulators of HK2 are microRNA-143 and -145, which cluster on chromosome 5q32 and are down-regulated in many cancer types.78,79 The second key step of glycolysis is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6P) under the catalysis of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1). The gene discussed is PFKM; the disease is cancer.