CD274 and neoplasm: In the only other study of combination treatment reported to date, 12 weeks of neoadjuvant axitinib plus avelumab (anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor) in high-risk non-metastatic ccRCC produced partial responses in the primary tumours of 30% of patients, which correlated with longer-term outcomes (92% of responding patients were disease-free after a median follow-up of 23.5 months)13.