Consistent with these findings, mutations in both the K-Ras and TP53 genes are frequently observed in various human cancers (Fearon and Vogelstein, 1990; Maitra and Hruban, 2008), and published cancer genomics dataset (publicly available at http://www.cbioportal.org) indicates that K-Ras and TP53 mutations co-occurred in approximately 60% of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases and in about 25% of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cases. Here, TP53 is linked to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.