,37 Although four of these are validated by evidence of cis-effects as defined above, the only one that would have been identified as a core gene for T1D in a conventional SNP-by-SNP GWAS analysis is CTLA4. Of these putative core genes, seven are involved in induction and activity of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.