A subsequent study using WS patient fibroblasts has further shown that loss of WFS1 disrupted its association with the neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), which in turn diminished Ca2+ transfer between ER and mitochondria to cause mitochondrial deregulation (Angebault et al., 2018). Here, ITPR1 is linked to Werner syndrome.