WFS1 and Werner syndrome: These include a reduction in ΔΨm in rat cortical neurons with siRNA-mediated Wfs1 knockdown (Cagalinec et al., 2016), lower mitochondrial respiration in WS patient fibroblasts (Angebault et al., 2018), and decreased ATP level in mouse β-cell-derived MIN6 cell line with shRNA-mediated Wfs1 knockdown (Zatyka et al., 2015).