Chronic hyperglycemia promotes a hypoxic environment in renal interstitium through abnormal red blood cells, sympathetic denervation of the kidney due to auto-immune neuropathy, oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and increased apoptosis of renal tubular cells, which eventually impairs the production of erythropoietin [8, 11]. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is autoimmune neuropathy.