EIF4E and Alzheimer disease: Evidence from AD in both patients and mouse models shows that hyper-activation of the mTOR pathway occurs at the early stages of AD [36, 37], and an increase in two mTOR downstream targets, p70 S6 kinase polypeptide 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs), occurs already in MCI [38].