In a study on the relationship between RA and atherosclerosis, it was found that the levels of Ang II, Ang-(1-7), and ACE in RA patients' plasma were increased, while the concentration of ACE-2 was negatively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness, indicating RAS activation in RA patients with associated cardiovascular risk [87]. Here, ANG is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.