MAPT and congenital rubella syndrome: In addition, similarly to what has been noticed for CRS, the large amount of Aβ induced by SIS can promote intracellular calcium ion overload and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, disrupt mitochondrial energy metabolism, aggravate oxidative stress, and activate neuronal apoptosis and other pathways that affect the normal structure and function of the hippocampus negatively [103].