TGF-β, secreted by M2-TAM in the tumour microenvironment, was recognized as a potent immunosuppressor, which accumulated in the tumour microenvironment, specifically interfered with the phosphorylation of IRF3, thus inhibited type I IFN response, suppressed the function of immune effectors and promoted tumour growth and metastasis [63]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.