APOBEC3A and viral infectious disease: We also evaluated the expression of three genes of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide like type 3 (APOBEC3) family: APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B and APOBEC3H. APOBEC3 proteins are cytosine deaminases known to play a role in viral infection and inflammation [67–69], and these proteins have been shown to drive mutation acquisition in RDEB-associated SCC [69].