The EMPRISE study – an ongoing observational study in patients with T2D from two commercial and Medicare databases in the USA (2014–2019) – compared empagliflozin therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1 RA) therapy, with a CV composite primary outcome and a kidney failure secondary outcome (61). The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.