MYC and cancer: Collectively, as KRAS and MYC activate mitochondria, KRAS activates ARF6, and ARF6 protects mitochondria, it is likely that KRAS, MYC, and ARF6 cooperatively control mitochondria in their biogenesis, metabolism, and integrity, which are all essential for cancer growth and survival; and, again, these events are likely to be further strengthened when TP53 is mutated (Fig. 1).