ESCC patients with high PPFIA1 mRNA levels had a significantly worse 5-year OS rate than those with low PPFIA1 mRNA levels in the GSE53625 dataset (12.5% vs. 45.2%, P < 0.001, Fig. 4B) and cDNA array dataset (9.2% vs. 38.0%, P = 0.001, Fig. 4C). Here, PPFIA1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.