It has been demonstrated that miRNA-106b binds ATG16L1 resulting in decreased autophagy.86 Furthermore, another group of investigators showed that increased expression of miRNA-106b is correlated with downregulated ATG16L1 in patients with active CD.80 Recently, it has been demonstrated that multiple miRNAs are involved in the regulation of NOD2 gene expression and NOD2 is not only regulated by miRNAs but also exerts its downstream effects via miRNAs. This evidence concerns the gene NOD2 and Cowden disease.