Several studies identified specific miRNAs regulating several IBD-associated genes such as NOD2, IL23, and ATG16L1.80,81 Distinct miRNA signatures have been identified in peripheral blood samples from CD and UC patients when compared to healthy subjects and quiescent IBD patients.82-84 In addition, 11 miRNAs were also found to be differently expressed between pediatric IBD patients and healthy children.85 miRNA-106a and -106b are members of the miRNA-17 family, which are one of the first reported miRNAs to be differentially expressed in IBD patients. Here, ATG16L1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.