We found that P2X7 receptor contributes to brain dysfunction in sepsis-surviving mice once the pharmacological blockade or genetic ablation of this receptor improved cognitive impairment and decrease glial markers and cytokine levels in the brain, which suggests the P2X7 receptors as an interesting therapeutic target for long-term neurological disturbances detected in sepsis survivors. The gene discussed is P2RX7; the disease is Sepsis.