TNF and autoimmune disease: Among biological medicines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab) are widely used to treat inflammatory or autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and hidradenitis suppurativa (Jang et al., 2021).