Mechanism studies revealed that Oldenlandia increased ROS release in a concentration and time-dependent manner, while NAC (a ROS scavenger) reduced Oldenlandia-induced ROS release, and weakened the activation of Oldenlandia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicating that Oldenlandia activated NLRP3 inflammasome in HCC cells by promoting ROS release. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.