CCL2 and colorectal carcinoma: TCM can also inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition by downregulating trans-forming growth factor-beta, thereby inhibiting invasion and metastasis of CRC cells (Ge et al., 2022), inhibit progression of CRC by suppressing CCL2 and preserving progenitor Tex in an obese microenvironment (Xu et al., 2022) and suppress growth and metastasis of 5-fluorouracil-sensitive/resistant CRC by inhibiting the Wnt singling pathway (Zhang et al., 2022).