SOX9 and acute kidney injury: Both embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ESC-EVs) and human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs)-derived exosomes activate Sox9 in TECs to promote physiological repair after AKI and inhibit the progression of fibrotic processes (Zhu et al., 2017; Yu et al., 2021).