Recent studies have found that rodents bearing deficits of either OXTR or OXT by gene knockout displayed autism-related behaviors and significant impairments in social cognition, besides increased aggressive behavior (Winslow and Insel, 2002; Takayanagi et al., 2005; Pobbe et al., 2012; Sala et al., 2013), indicating that OXTR functions as a crucially functional gene in the regulation of social cognition and behaviors. The gene discussed is OXTR; the disease is autism.