CD4 and HIV infectious disease: Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus are considered to be “beneficial” microorganisms and, are reduced in PLWH (63), and past clinical trials have shown that supplementation with Bifidobacteria- and/or Lactobacillus-rich drugs may reduce levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, and CD4+ T-cell activation in HIV infection (64–67).