Among them, genes associated with splicing mutations in adult IBD include CARD9, CUL2, IL12RB1, MSH2, NCF4, and NOD2. In pediatric IBD, they include ANKZF1, CD40LG, CTLA4, IL10RA, IL10RB, IL12RB1, NCF4, NOD2, SKIV2L, STXBP3, TTC37, TTC7A, and WAS (Figure 3, Table 3). Here, WAS is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.