GLI1 and renal cell carcinoma: substantiated that silibinin could induce apoptosis by inhibiting the mTOR-GLI1-BCL2 pathway, thus markedly suppressing the tumor growth of RCC (34), with an in vitro cell line assay indicating that capsaicin pronouncedly inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC by inducing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway (35).