Taken together, the results of this study have demonstrated that tilianin attenuates cognitive impairment in VaD by regulating miR-193b-3p/CaM and miR-152-3p/CaMKIIα mediated p38 MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory and Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3/PARP apoptotic pathways. Here, CASP3 is linked to Cognitive impairment.