USP10 and brain infarction: Figure 1F shows TTC staining of coronal brain sections from tMCAO mice, demonstrating that the tMCAO modeling method can successfully establish cerebral infarction due to right middle cerebral artery obstruction. In the tMCAO group, the expression of USP10 gradually decreased until to a minimum at 72hr and then gradually increased. USP10 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in the tMCAO+VNS group than in the tMCAO group at the respective time points, except at 2hr and 6 hr, (Figures 1A, B, D).