A non-exhaustive list, including procollagen-lysin, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD), KRASG12V, Ras/MAPK, Wnt, BMP/TGF- β, and Sry-box 2 (SOX2), likely contribute to de novo vascular malformations in the carotid circulation [6-9,11,14-17]. The gene discussed is PLOD1; the disease is vascular malformation.