INS and Insulin resistance: In support of this, an abundance of evidence demonstrates reduced mitochondrial content in insulin resistant/obese individuals (Kelley et al., 2002; Morino et al., 2005; Ritov et al., 2005; Holloway et al., 2007), while genetically increasing mitochondrial content in rodents attenuates lipid-mediated insulin resistance (Koves et al., 2005; Benton et al., 2010; Consitt et al., 2010).