On the other hand, CX3CL1 promotes cancer cells proliferation and migration, and contributes to angiogenesis, which were significantly inhibited by the administration of CX3CL1-neutralizing antibodies (Liang et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019a; Yu et al., 2022a; Ao et al., 2022b). Here, CX3CL1 is linked to cancer.