EGFR and neoplasm: In addition, overactivation of EGFR signalling contributes to downregulation of tumor cell immunogenicity through a decrease of HLA-I-dependent antigen presentation and upregulation of suppressive signals mediated by programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and inhibitory cytokines, or by reprograming metabolic pathways after aerobic glycolysis upregulation [10].