Contrary to what was found for children with neurological alterations and risk of regulation disorders, children with below average cognitive development (cognitive impairment), had a higher concentration of 8 pro-inflammatory molecules (IL1-b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17, MIP1, INF-g and P-Selectin), and one anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4,) all with positive Z-scores, compared to children with average (normal) cognitive development, who had negative Z-scores for all of them. Here, IL4 is linked to Cognitive impairment.