Insulin treatment was more associated with chronic kidney disease stages 4-5 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.41, 95% CI 1.07-5.43), retinopathy (aOR 3.10, 95% CI 1.04-9.27), and podiatry review (aOR 5.06, 95% CI 1.20-21.38). Here, INS is linked to chronic kidney disease.