To date, >150 loci have been identified to be associated with IBD based on single-nucleotide polymorphism frequency analysis in subjects with IBD vs. controls [12,25,26],including ATG16L1, immunity-related GTPase family M protein (IRGM), NOD2 and some other autophagy-related genes [27–29]. This evidence concerns the gene IRGM and inflammatory bowel disease.