First, PPAR-δ expression was compared between 112 paracancerous samples and 1109 breast infiltrating carcinoma (BRCA) samples obtained from the TCGA dataset, and also showed a significant up-regulation of PPAR-δ in the BRCA samples relative to the paracancerous samples (Figure 1A); with this difference preserved when comparing the 112 matched samples (Figure 1B). This evidence concerns the gene PPARD and invasive breast carcinoma.