For example, while many argue that there are clear clinical and pathological distinctions denoting distinct entities, there remains debate surrounding whether late-stage LATE-NC can be discriminated from early stage frontotemporal lobar degeneration due to TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) given overlap of regions that are affected.15,16 Similarly, the regional origin of FTLD-TDP is still unknown, with both the amygdala3 and frontoinsular or anterior cingulate17 proposed as candidate pathological epicentres. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.