Compared to plain C6 cells and non-irradiated pEcad-GVs@C6 cells, irradiated pEcad-GVs@C6 cells had significantly lower expression levels of N-cadherin, MMP9, and Sanil1(mesenchymal markers), all of which play important roles in tumor cell migration and invasion (Fig. 3o). This evidence concerns the gene CDH2 and neoplasm.