SMO and lung cancer: Three different types of lung cancer spheroids were treated with drugs according to the half minimal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (Supplementary Fig. S1B), and the sphere formation assay indicated that spheroids were resistant to the four commonly used first-line chemotherapy drugs DDP, paclitaxel (PTX), gemcitabine (GEM), and 5-FU, and sensitive to inhibitors against GLI1 or SMO (Fig. 1H).