CD8A and cancer: A number of immunological events are triggered (Fig. 15) as a result of photothermal and photodynamic destruction of cancer cells, release of antigen and presentation to DCs, release of cytokines, and activation of cytotoxic CD8 + T-cells [6, 234]; additionally, the killing efficacy of both the therapies can be improved with the help of checkpoint blockage (PD-1/PD-L1) or nanobiotechnological products like nanoparticles [206, 207, 228, 236, 237].