For basal insulin concentrations, previous studies have identified season,21, 22, 23 generalized obesity,24, 25, 26, 27, 28 regional adiposity,24, 25 diet,28, 29, 30, 31 exercise,30, 31, 32 age,22, 24 and genetics19, 20, 33 as risk factors for hyperinsulinemia. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is hyperinsulinism.