These five modules have been identified as significantly (p < 0.05) acting together to contribute towards the development of NDV persistent infection in EJ28 bladder cancer cells; by virtue of their functionally connections via the upregulation of EP300, IRS1, PTPN11, and RAC1and downregulation of TP53, SP1, CCND1 and XPO1 respectively. Here, SP1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.