CXCR1 and neoplasm: Lastly, higher IL-8 levels have been recently found to be an accurate prognosticator for poorer response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies, likely due to its known sequelae, including activation of CXCR1 and CXCR2, triggering of angiogenesis, and immunosuppression through recruitment of immunosuppressive MDSC to tumor microenvironment (56).