Based on findings that PNNs regulate the synaptic balance of structural excitatory and inhibitory synapses on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons these dense ECM-structures are interesting for epilepsy research (Gottschling et al., 2019; Wegrzyn et al., 2021a; Mueller-Buehl et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene PVALB and epilepsy.