LAMP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: After 3-MA intervention, we observed further suppression of ALP in T2DM mice and HG-cultured HT22 cells, as evidenced by decreased levels of LC3II, LC3II/I ratio, LAMP1, CTSB and CTSD, increased levels of p62, along with decreased CTSB activity (Figs. 1H, I, 2C, D).