In addition, Saloura et al. reported that, while HNSCC, with a low CD8 + T cell-inflamed phenotype, shows enriched β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways, NSD1 mutations, and EGFR and YAP1 amplifications, a high CD8 + T cell-inflamed phenotype was found to be associated with MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, CASP8 mutations, and CD274 amplifications (Fig. 1) [35]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.