T regulatory cell function helps maintain immune homeostasis and self-tolerance, and recently two independent reports showed that immune dysregulation linked to lymphocyte function in ALS may be driven by cell senescence [19, 20]; elevated senescent lymphocytes in the circulation are found in ALS animal models and ALS patients (ALS4, arising from senataxin mutations) [19, 20]. Here, SETX is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.