CLU and central nervous system cancer: Since astrocytes and glioma shared gene signatures (for example, CLU and LGALS3 expression), we performed differential gene expression analysis between primary and recurrent glioma non-neoplastic astrocytes and all CNVpos glioma nuclei and identified 1620 genes that were higher in astrocytes compared to glioma and 3380 that were higher in glioma compared to astrocytes.