Since astrocytes and glioma shared gene signatures (for example, CLU and LGALS3 expression), we performed differential gene expression analysis between primary and recurrent glioma non-neoplastic astrocytes and all CNVpos glioma nuclei and identified 1620 genes that were higher in astrocytes compared to glioma and 3380 that were higher in glioma compared to astrocytes. This evidence concerns the gene CLU and glioma.